DICOM header anonymization Pixel-level de-identification K-anonymity Pseudonymization Generalize quasi-identifiers Direct identifier removal Ensure no key exists to re-link Generalization Replace specific values with broader categories Suppression Remove data points that cannot be generalized safely Make specific values into broader categories Suppress or mask outliers Remove data points that cannot be generalized Perturbation/Noise injection Add small random variation to numerical values L-diversity and T-closeness Data minimization Remove all variables not strictly needed for research Controlled release Differential privacy Standardized data sharing agreements Tiered consent models Local legal review Secure multiparty computation Apply advanced cryptographic techniques Homomorphic encryption Distributed computing Standardize data formats and processing pipelines Perform data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) Sign Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) Establish pathways for regulatory approval Institutional Review Board (IRB) Research Ethics Committee (REC) Research Ethics Board (REB) Certified Review Board (CRB) European Health Data Space (EHDS) EU-US Data Privacy Framework (DPF) GDPR-HIPAA Harmonization Multi-Jurisdictional Compliance HIPAA-GDPR Compliant Anonymization Expert Determination
